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作賓（1895－1963），字彥堂，號平廬，河南南陽人，中國著名考古學家、歷史學家、古文字學家，為殷墟甲骨學研究的奠基人之一，在商代歷史、甲骨文釋讀與斷代方面有卓越貢獻。
董作賓早年就讀於清華學堂，後赴美國賓夕法尼亞大學學習考古與人類學。回國後，參與安陽殷墟的甲骨發掘與研究，運用科學方法對甲骨文進行系統整理，提出「甲骨學四堂」之一的學術體系。首創甲骨文分期斷代法，確立商代王年譜，對甲骨學研究影響深遠。
曾任中央研究院歷史語言研究所研究員、故宮博物院國立北平研究所教授，晚年移居台灣，繼續從事學術研究。著有《殷歷譜》、《甲骨文斷代研究例》、《殷契粹編》等。其學術成果不僅奠定了甲骨學的基礎，也為中國古代歷史研究提供重要依據。
Dong Zuobin (1895–1963), courtesy name Yantang, was a renowned Chinese archaeologist, historian, and paleographer from Nanyang, Henan. He was one of the pioneers in the study of oracle bone script from the Ruins of Yin and made significant contributions to the history of the Shang Dynasty, oracle bone decipherment, and chronological research.
Dong studied at Tsinghua School and later pursued archaeology and anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. Upon returning to China, he participated in the excavation and research of oracle bones at the Ruins of Yin, applying scientific methods to systematically organize the inscriptions. He pioneered the periodization and chronological study of oracle bone script, establishing a timeline for the Shang kings, which had a profound impact on oracle bone studies.
He held positions at the Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica and the National Palace Museum Research Institute in Beiping (Beijing). Later in life, he moved to Taiwan, continuing his academic work. His work laid the foundation for oracle bone studies and provided crucial insights into ancient Chinese history.